FGF/FGFR signals regulate cell lineage formation, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of various types of cells. Specifically, it plays a vital role in many processes of embryonic development and adult homeostasis.…
Tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer phosphate groups from ATP to tyrosine residues of specific proteins in cells. Specifically, this covalent post-translational modification is a key component of…
VEGFR are receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). There are three main subtypes: VEGFR1/Flt-1, VEGFR2/KDR/Flk-1, and VEGFR3. VEGFR1 and 2 are expressed on vascular endothelial cells, whereas VEGFR3 is…
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is a metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients. So it releases the chemical energy stored in nutrients to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Besides,…
Over the last decade, the FGFRs family has become an attractive validated therapeutic target notably in cancer. It consists of four members (FGFR1 to FGFR4) which are structurally related cell…
Protein tyrosine kinases comprise a group of enzymes. They catalyze the phosphorylation of certain proteins on specific tyrosine residues. The growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases are a subfamily. The kinases…
Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are a family of cell-signaling proteins, which are involved in many processes, especially as the key factor of normal development. In addition, the FGFR family consists…
Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) and their receptors play important roles in multiple biologic processes, such as tissue repair, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, and embryonic development. The FGFR family mainly comprises 4 main…
Hepatocellular carcinoma represents an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. Fibroblast growth factor 19, a member of the fibroblast growth factor family, is a ligand for fibroblast growth factor receptor 4.…