Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), are a family of enzymes involved in cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival and intracellular trafficking, which in turn are involved in cancer.…
BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, an abnormal fusion protein kinase, is associated with pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Usually, BCR-ABL is overexpressed with CML stem…
mTOR (mammalian target of Rapamycin) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, cell motility, cell survival, protein synthesis, and transcription. mTOR belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related…
T cells are important immune cells in the human body and express co-stimulating immune checkpoint proteins on their surface. Through immune checkpoints, cancer cells can block the activation of T…
As we know, Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a member of the TEC family kinases. In addition, it is involved in B-cell antigen receptor (BCR)-signaling pathway. Usually, BTK is expressed…
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; ErbB-1; HER1 in humans) is a transmembrane protein. And it is a receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family (EGF family) of…
Pancreatic cancer is an extremely lethal disease with a poor prognosis. Traditional chemotherapeutic agent could improve the prognosis of the pancreatic cancer. For example, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (PARPi)…
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is characterized by the production of monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig), which may be detected in serum or urine, and tumor cell tropism for the bone marrow (BM). Carfilzomib…
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) characterized by stem cell-derived clonal myeloproliferation. PMF disrupts the physiologic medullary erythropoietic environment and causes anemia symptoms. The JAK-STAT pathway plays a…
Solid tumors are dependent for growth on nutrients and oxygen they receive via angiogenesis, the process wherein new capillaries are formed from existing blood vessels. In addition, many studies demonstrated…