EphA2, a transmembrane glycoprotein, is a type of Ephrin receptors (Eph) which is the most important class of receptor tyrosine kinases. EphA2 can be detected in most epithelial cells. In common…
Nowadays, how to overcome the resistance of tumor cells to multiple drugs is still a serious problem. Various mechanisms can cause Multidrug resistance (MDR), including cell cycle alterations, increased repair…
KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma virus) is one of the most commonly altered oncogenes in human cancers. Recurrent oncogenic mutations in KRAS can reprogram glutamine metabolism to increase the production of…
αV integrin is a protein that is encoded by the ITGAV gene. Studies show the participation of αV integrins in the proliferation, motility and proteolysis of various cancer cells. Neuropilin-1…
HDACs (Histone deacetylases) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on a histone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly.…
The Wnt signaling pathway is important in normal development and in cancer. This signaling pathway is regulated by Wnt ligands, the APC-Axin complex and β-catenin. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a…
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in most industrialized nations. It needs to find an effective adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer. There includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory…
Src-homology-2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), encoded by the PTPN11 gene, is a classical nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP). SHP2 is a ubiquitous protein tyrosine phosphatase with a relatively conserved…
β-Lapachone is an ortho-naphthoquinone and inhibits topoisomerase I. β-Lapachone is a classic quinone-containing antitumor NQO1-bioactivatable drug that directly kills NQO1-overexpressing cancer cells. NQO1 is an antioxidative enzyme that helps recover…
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Japan. Gemcitabine has been the standard therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer for over a decade. Additional novel combination therapies…