Trichostatin A (TSA) is a Specific Inhibitor of HDAC Class I/II
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that remove acetyl groups from histone and non-histone proteins. To date, 18 different mammalian HDACs have been identified and divided into four classes: the Class I Rpd3-like proteins (HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC8); the Class II Hda1-like proteins (HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC6, HDAC7, HDAC9, and...
LY294002, a PI3K Inhibitor, is an Autophagy and Apoptosis Inducer
The phosphatidylinositol-3 OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway contributes to cancer survival, apoptosis, and regulating a variety of cellular processes. In particular, Akt serine/threonine kinase plays a critical role in controlling the balance between cell survival and apoptosis. Dysregulation of this pathway is frequently observed in a variety of tumors,...
Staurosporine is an ATP-competitive Inhibitor of Protein Kinases
Protein kinases are enzymes that catalyze protein phosphorylation. Obviously, Protein kinases include many types of kinases, such as PKC，PKA, c-Fgr and phosphorylase kinase. Thereinto, PKC, PKA and phosphorylase kinase belong to serine or threonine kinases and c-Fgr belongs to Tyr kinases. Interestingly, diacylglycerol (DG) can activate PKC and the...
Rapamycin is a Specific mTOR Inhibitor
mTOR (mammalian target of Rapamycin) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the mTOR gene. mTOR is a serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, cell motility, cell survival, protein synthesis, and transcription. In addition, mTOR links with other proteins and serves as a core...
Z-VAD-FMK is a Well-Known pan Caspase Inhibitor
Caspase is a family of cysteine proteases that play essential roles in apoptosis (programmed cell death), necrosis, and inflammation. They are named caspases due to their specific cysteine protease activity-a cysteine in its active site nucleophilically attacks and cleaves a target protein only after an aspartic acid residue. There...
HS-131 is a near Infrared Dye Tethered Hsp90 Inhibitor
Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90) is a molecular chaperone protein. Specifically, Hsp90 can help other proteins fold correctly, stabilize proteins, resist heat stress, and contribute to protein degradation. It can also stabilize many proteins needed for tumor growth. Besides, Hsp90 is present in all branches of bacteria and eukaryotes....
IV-361 is an Orally Active and Selective CDK7 Inhibitor
Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) is a catalytic subunit of CDK activated kinase (CAK). CAK is a kinase complex that catalyzes T-ring phosphorylation and activates a variety of cyclin-related kinases, including CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6. Importantly, CDK7 plays a role at the direct interface between important processes of cell...