The ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS) is responsible for most of the intracellular protein degradation in eukaryotes. UPS consists of three components: the proteasomes, the ubiquitin conjugating system, and the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs).…
Optic neuropathy is damage to the optic nerve from any cause. Specifically, damage and death of these nerve cells, or neurons, leads to characteristic features of optic neuropathy. Angiogenesis requires…
Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is an enzyme that is encoded by the DCK gene in humans. Specifically, dCK mainly phosphorylates deoxycytidine (DC) and converts DC into deoxycytidine monophosphate. Mall molecule dCK…
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane protein that is a receptor for members of the EGF family of extracellular protein ligands. In many cancer types, mutations affecting…
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that plays a role in cellular energy homeostasis. Specifically, it is important in largely to activate glucose and fatty acid uptake…
Antifolates are a class of antimetabolite medications that block the actions of folic acid. Antimalarial antifolates have been central for prophylaxis and treatment of malaria. The success of antifolates in…
PROTAC is an emerging therapeutic modality. PROTAC is a feasible solution to reduce platelet toxicity associated with BCL-XL inhibition. BCL-XL plays a key role in tumorigenesis and cancer chemotherapy resistance.…
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) are chaperone proteins that protect proteins from stress and promote nascent polypeptide folding. They exist in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. The stress-inducible HSP70 is…
Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Rho GTPases such as Rac, Cdc42, and RhoA are signaling proteins. They…
Cdc42, a small GTPase of the Rho family, plays important roles in cytoskeleton organization, cell cycle progression, signal transduction, and vesicle trafficking. Overactive Cdc42 has been implicated in the pathology…