The PI3K signaling network has a central role in several cellular processes critical to the initiation and progression of cancer, including growth, survival, and metabolism. The PI3K family catalyzes the…
Metastin/kisspeptin is a 54 amino acid peptide from human placental tissues. It is also the ligand of an orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. GPR54, the KISS1 gene encodes the KISS1…
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is crucial for normal prostate development. It also drives the growth and survival of prostate cancer cells. AR signaling suppression is a common strategy for treating…
The disorder of PI3K/Akt/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway occurs in about 30% of human cancers, making it a reasonable target for new therapies. Specifically, the pathway is an important regulator of…
Prostate cancer is among the most common malignancy in males. It is also the second leading cause of male cancer-related death in the Western world. The PI3K pathway is associated…
Cancer cells always exhibit abnormal energy metabolism. Abnormal energy metabolism often leads to an increase in glucose uptake and lactic acid fermentation. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an important catalyzing enzyme…
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase. ALK is an attractive target for cancer therapies not only for its prominent role in a number of malignancies but also…
Topoisomerases are proteins that cut the DNA backbone. Especially, topoisomerases let the cut ends twist past each other to a more relaxed configuration. Moreover, topoisomerases reseal the phosphodiester bonds in…
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a copper and quinone-cofactor containing amine oxidase. It is an inactive pro-enzyme and can be cleaved to a mature active form by extracellular metalloproteases. LOX prompts…
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase and its mutation in domains. ALK Chromosomal translocations involve the kinase domain of ALK in many cancers. In addition to ALCL,…