The retinoid X receptor (RXR) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily. The nuclear receptors superfamily has many other nuclear receptors, including the retinoic acid receptor (RAR), vitamin D receptor (VDR),…
EGFR-mutated (EGFRm+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major clinical problem. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have precision therapeutic implications for advanced NSCLC. However, common EGFR mutations, such as EGFRL858R,…
Cuproptosis is a unique type of cell death that is copper-dependent. Copper is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it is an important enzyme cofactor. On the other hand,…
Tubulin is the protein that polymerizes into long chains or filaments that form microtubules, hollow fibers which serve as a skeletal system for living cells. Importantly, Tubulin includes α- and…
KRas (Kirsten rat sarcoma virus) is a part of the RAS/MAPK pathway and relays signals from outside the cell to the cell's nucleus. Importantly, KRasG12C is a mutation of KRas.…
ATR kinase is a key component of the DNA damage response pathway. Additionally, it plays a critical role in maintaining genome stability. Ceralasertib (AZD6738) is a potent inhibitor of ATR…
KRAS plays a critical role in regulating cell growth and division. KRAS mutations are common in many types of solid tumors, including lung, colon, and pancreatic cancers, and are associated…
EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) is a member of the ErbB receptor family1. Besides, EGFR is a common therapeutic strategy in epithelioma such as lung adenocarcinoma, colon cancer, head and…
The KRAS oncoprotein is a GTPase and an essential mediator of intracellular signaling pathways. KRAS oncoprotein regulates tumor cell growth and survival. However, KRAS also is the most frequently mutated…
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a protein that stimulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival by binding to its receptor EGFR. Additionally, It exists in platelets, urine, saliva, milk, tears, and…