Category: Kidney Cancer

Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare, difficult-to-treat liver cancer primarily affecting pediatric and adolescent patients. An analysis of FLC tumor samples shows that protein kinase A (PKA) alpha catalytic subunit (PRKACA) is a critical molecular event in FLC pathogenesis. In this article, we will introduce an orally active, highly selective, ATP-competitive PRKACA...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important signal protein. Importantly, it is involved in angiogenesis and angiogenesis (blood vessels grow from a pre-existing vascular system). All members of VEGF family stimulate cell response by binding to tyrosine kinase receptors (VEGFRs) on the cell surface. Thus they dimerize and...

Histone acetyltransferase (HATS) is an enzyme that acetylates the conserved lysine amino acids in histones by transferring acetyl from acetyl coenzyme A toε-N-acetyllysine. Several chromatin modifiers are responsible for adding different post-translational marks like acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation. Specifically, HATS add lysine at the N-terminal of acetyl histones H3 and...

Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is an essential enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of amino acid serine. PHGDH is important for maintaining the poorly differentiated, stem-like state of cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs). Typically, high levels of PHGDH associate with enhanced proliferation and poor prognosis in various types of cancers. As a result,...

Autophagy is a central cellular mechanism for the elimination of damaged proteins, protein complexes, and organelles. ATG1 gene is notable for being the only core autophagy gene to encode a serine/threonine kinase. Atg1 forms a complex with multiple regulatory subunits, including Atg13 and Atg17. In mammals, there are two Atg1...