CD47 (Cluster of Differentiation 47) is a transmembrane protein, belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It can interact with signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) which is an inhibitory transmembrane receptor present on…
Autophagy is the key structure of macroautophagy. Macroautophagy is an intracellular degradation system of cytoplasmic contents. Meanwhile, autophagy is a new double-membrane vesicle formed during autophagy, which can phagocytose a…
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a cell-mediated immune defense mechanism. The effector cells of the immune system actively cleave target cells, and their membrane surface antigens are bound by specific antibodies.…
IL-15 is a cytokine involved in the regulation of the innate immune system. It stimulates the proliferation and activation of natural killer (NK) cells and memory CD8+ T cells. And also…
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a protein that stimulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival by binding to its receptor EGFR. Additionally, It exists in platelets, urine, saliva, milk, tears, and…
Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death mediated by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and was first proposed by Brent Stockwell and Scott J. Dixon in 2012. It differs genetically and…
Immunoglobulin-like domain containing receptor 2 (ILDR2) is a B7-like protein that belongs to the B7 family of immunomodulatory receptors. It can induce an immunosuppressive effect on T-cell responses. ILDR2 is…
Ph+ ALL (Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia) is a rare subtype of leukemia characterized by the abnormal formation of the Philadelphia chromosome, which occurs when pieces of chromosomes 9 and…
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that is caused by a malignant proliferation of melanocytes. Ultraviolet light (UV) exposure can change DNA and its expressions and is the primary…
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a kind of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). It is characterized by the proliferation of a pluripotential stem cell that can differentiate along the granulocytic lineage. In…