PD-1/PD-L1, refers to immune checkpoint programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its main ligand, Programmed death ligand 1. Linked to multiple cancer types. PD-L1 is mainly expressed on a…
CD40 is a cell surface glycoprotein and type I transmembrane protein present in antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Also, its ligand CD40L (CD154) is mainly expressed on T cells and platelets. The…
B7-H3 (CD276) is a T cell co-stimulator and co-suppressor molecule. Specifically, B7-H3 plays an important role in tumor cell apoptosis, proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis, invasion, migration, and escape from immune surveillance.…
C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 (CCR4) is a G-coupled-protein receptor for C-C chemokines. It's on surface of tumor cells in leukemia and lymphoma patients. For example, adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL),…
5-HT1D (5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1D) is a G protein-linked receptor that activates an intracellular messenger cascade to produce an inhibitory response by decreasing cellular levels of cAMP. Besides, 5-HT1D acts…
Pirarubicin has widely application in intravesical chemotherapy for bladder cancer, but drug resistance limits its efficacy; the mechanism still needs further exploration. Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy…
Src is a prototypical non-receptor tyrosine kinase. It also includes c-Yes and Fyn. Src transduces signals that control processes involved in cell proliferation, adhesion, and motility. Clinical evidence supports a…
(E)-AG 99 is a potent and reversible EGFR inhibitor and has potential treatment Bladder cancer. Bladder cancer (BC) is one of common malignancies worldwide. Bladder cancer is any of several…