ERKs (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) are the original members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. They take part in the regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions, thus, also influencing…
CDKs (Cyclin-dependent kinases) are serine-threonine kinases first discovered for their role in regulating the cell cycle. They are also involved in regulating transcription, mRNA processing, and the differentiation of nerve…
Androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-dependent nuclear transcription factor and a member of the steroid hormone nuclear receptor family. In fact, AR has many biological functions and can control the…
Janus kinase (JAK) is an intracellular non-receptor tyrosine kinase. There are four members of the JAK family: JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2). JAK can link cytokine signals…
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), a family of proteins, is involved in various cellular processes such as DNA repair and programmed cell death. PARP is present in the cell nucleus. It…
KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma virus) is one of the most commonly altered oncogenes in human cancers. Recurrent oncogenic mutations in KRAS can reprogram glutamine metabolism to increase the production of…
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) belongs to the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Specifically, EGFR belongs to a receptor family, which contains three additional proteins, namely ErbB-2, ErbB-3,…
Glutathione Disulfide Reductase (GSR), also known as glutathione reductase (GR), catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to glutathione (GSH) in the presence of NADPH and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).…
HER2 is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER/EGFR/ERBB) family. Importantly, HER2 plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Specifically, HER2…
Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare, difficult-to-treat liver cancer primarily affecting pediatric and adolescent patients. An analysis of FLC tumor samples shows that protein kinase A (PKA) alpha catalytic subunit (PRKACA) is…