Aurora kinases represent a serine/threonine kinase family crucial for cell-cycle control. In particular, Aurora kinases are important and indispensable in multiple steps of mitotic progression. Specifically, Aurora kinase A acts…
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) can catalyze the synthesis of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) second messengers, including PI(3)P (PIP), PI(3,4)P2 (PIP2), and PI(3,4,5)P3 (PIP3). The PI3K lipid kinase family contains three classes based…
Dihydrowhey dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the fourth enzymatic step of pyrimidine biosynthesis, namely, ubiquinone mediated oxidation of dihydrowhey acid to whey acid. Specifically, DHODH is a mitochondrial protein located on the…
Aurora kinases play an important role during mitosis for chromosome alignment, segregation, and cytokinesis. Selective Targeting of Aurora B kinase may be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of…
Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification where the polypeptide ubiquitin is attached to lysine residues of substrate proteins. This process is reversible, and ubiquitin removal is orchestrated by a large family…
Janus kinases (JAK) play a crucial role in cytokine-mediated signal transduction. Activated JAKs tyrosine autophosphorylate and phosphorylate specific tyrosine residues on the C-terminal end. This results in the recruitment and…
Chemoresistance is a major cause of cancer treatment failure. Tumor-initiating cells (TIC) have attracted a considerable amount of attention due to their role in chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. The inhibition…
Aberrant expression of classical HDACs associates with a variety of malignancies, including solid and hematological tumors. HDACs have also been found broadly dysregulated in multiple myeloma (MM). In particular, the…
Cancer is a multiplicity of diseases characterized by a range of molecular defects leading to unregulated, aberrant cell growth. Checkpoints are present in all phases of the cell cycle. Checkpoints…
One of the main strategies for cancer research is the identification of drugs that can cause apoptotic death in malignant cells. Additionally, Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), UTP, and adenosine are considered…