Aberrations in post-translational modifications by ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubl), such as the small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO) relate to the pathogenesis of lifethreatening diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and…
Cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK) is a 160 kDa serine/threonine kinase. Importantly, GAK features high homology outside its kinase domain with auxilin. GAK regulates receptor tyrosine kinases, such as the EGF…
The bromodomain-containing protein BRD9, a recently identified mSWI/SNF subunit, is a novel complex configuration distinct from BAF and PBAF. The mSWI/SNF (BAF) complex comprises at least 15 subunits of ~2…
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc- and calcium-dependent endopeptidases. They are responsible for the degradation of most extracellular matrix proteins during organogenesis, growth and normal tissue turnover. Elevated…
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. While the application of targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors…
Estrogen receptor is a nuclear receptor activated by estrogen, existing inside cells. The receptor contains two types, ERα and ERβ. The former is always expressed in breast cancer, which…
Centrosome is an important organelle. It acts as the main microtubule organizing center (MTOC), regulates cell-cycle progression in mammalian cells. In normal cells, centrosome duplication occurs in the early phase…
The Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Domain (BET) family of proteins comprises BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT. The BET proteins are epigenetic readers and play a key role in the regulation of…
Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family is a well-known member of bromodomain family. Proteins of this family include BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and a testis-specific protein, BRDT. BET proteins act as important…
The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway regulates lots of multiple biological functions. In addition, RAF inhibitors activate the MAPK pathway. Interestingly, the MAPK pathway in turn induces the RAS proteins to…