Activation of the pathway occurs following activating point mutations or amplification of the PIK3CA gene encoding the p110a PI3K isoform. Oncogenes such as PI3K, AKT, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR),…
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), also called phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases, are a family of enzymes involved in cellular functions. Class I PI3K enzymes consist of four distinct catalytic isoforms, PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ and…
The phosphatidylinositol-3 OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway contributes to cancer survival, apoptosis, and regulating a variety of cellular processes. In particular, Akt serine/threonine kinase plays a critical role in controlling…
Several brain disorders, such as epilepsy, found dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. The PI3K-AKT/mTOR pathway is a central player of intracellular signaling, regulating neuronal survival, growth, and plasticity. Aberrant activation…
Macrophages (MΦ) not only play a role in host defense and tumor growth, metastasis, and immunosuppression. Many studies have demonstrated that targeting the molecular pathways/signaling nodes in the MΦs that…
PI3Ks are a class of enzymes involved in cell function, such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, movement, survival, and intracellular transport. And these cells are relevant to cancer. Specifically, I3K…
Prostate cancer is among the most common malignancy in males. Among the various PI3K isoforms, PTEN-loss-induced prostate cancer in the genetically engineered Pten conditional knockout mouse model predominantly activates the…
The PI3K signaling network has a central role in several cellular processes critical to the initiation and progression of cancer, including growth, survival, and metabolism. The PI3K family catalyzes the…
Prostate cancer is among the most common malignancy in males. It is also the second leading cause of male cancer-related death in the Western world. The PI3K pathway is associated…
TP53 (p53) is the single most frequently altered gene in human cancers, with mutations being present in approximately 50% of all invasive tumors. Besides, p53 is mutated in at least…